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Tommy Walsh's DIY Guide
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Tommy Walsh's DIY Guide (2001)(Empire).iso
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t2b.txt
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1998-10-08
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Summary
Laying paving slabs can be very hard work and extremely
time consuming. Do not underestimate the time taken to
perform this work. However, with careful planning you
can minimise the time and effort required. Read through
the following steps to help you:
1 Choosing the materials
2 Planning the area
3 Anticipating problems
4 Preparing the site
5 Cutting the paving slabs
6 Preparing the bed
7 Laying the slabs
8 About grout with mortar
Tools
Spade, rubber mallet, spirit level, brush,
slab cutter.
Materials
Hardcore, sand, cement, slabs
Step 1 - Choosing the materials
Before you design your patio itÆs best to look at what
materials are available. Try to avoid cutting large
numbers of slabs by making the length of your patio
or path correspond to whole units. An attractive
range of slabs is available and mixing and matching
is possible.
Step 2 - Planning the area
Like any good project, the secret of achieving the
look you desire is planning. Make a detailed plan
of the garden using paper or a design tool such
as Garden Designer 4. Mark in any permanent
objects such as trees or ponds. Try leaving
out the odd slab for plants and consider whether
you will want any lighting for which you will
need to lay the cables first.
Step 3 - Anticipating problems
It cannot be stressed enough that any slabs adjacent
to the house must be 1500mm below any damp proof
course. There must also be a gentle slope away
from the house to avoid any potential problems
from rain. The bare minimum slope acceptable is
1:60. For more information about how to achieve a
crossfall click the icon below (preparing a
sub-base section).
Step 4 - Preparing the site
Although you can lay slabs on just sand it is better
to thoroughly prepare the base with at least 100mm
of hardcore. If you intend to use the area as a drive
you will need to lay a concrete slab at least 125mm
thick as well.
Step 5 - Cutting the paving slabs
If there are a lot of slabs to cut it will really
pay to hire a slab/walling block cutter. Alternatively
you can use a bolster chisel and lump hammer. YouÆll
need to score round the slab, resting it on a bed of
sand, to achieve a 3mm/1/8inch groove on all sides.
Raise the smaller end on a piece of wood and tap with
the handle of the hammer. The block will split cleanly
if the groove is deep enough.
Step 6 - Preparing the bed
When you are in a position to lay the stones you will
need to make a mix of one part cement to nine parts sand.
The sand bed is activated just before laying by dampening
with water.
Step 7 - Laying the slabs
It is important that the first row of slabs is perfectly
straight. Ideally you need at least a 9mm gap between the
slabs. Prepare spacers from wood for this purpose.
Ensure that the slabs have the required crossfall.
They must also be perfectly even and without movement.
Any movement should cause you to take the slab up and
build up the lower areas.
Step 8 - About grout with mortar
You can then infill the gap with a dry mortar mix.
This should be done slowly taking care not to let the
mix rest on any of the slabs. There is no need to
water as the ground moisture will set the mortar.